Loan Kya Hota Hai? लोन क्या होता है?

Loan kya hota hai? Loan ko saral hindi bhasha mein udhaar lena yaa karja lena bhi kehtey hain, Loan lene ki jarurat tab padh jati hai jab bhi hamey kuch aisey kharchon ki purti karni hoti hai jo ki hamari savings ke basis par pura karna sambhav nahi ho pata hai, Loan lena hamari financial planning ka ek behad jaruri hissa hota hai kyunki agar hum loan nahi lete toh majburi mein hamey apni saari savings ko istemaal karna padh sakta hai, aisi sthithi mein hamarey paas ek gambhir financial sankat aa sakta hai kyunki hum apni saari punji ko apne kharchon ki poorti karne padh laga chuke hotey hain, Loan lene se hum apni financial conditions ko bahut ache se manage kar saktey hain aur ek achi zindangi bita sakte hain.

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Loan dena veh karya hota hai jab koi vyakti apne pass maujood excess paison ko dusre jaruratmand logo ko deta hai. In paison ko loan par dene ke badley veh vyakti byaj leta hai. Aap log byaj, ko aasaan bhasha mein aisey samaj sakte hain, jaise koi vyakti apne ghar ya shop ko kisi dusrey vyakti ko rent par deta hai toh uss vyakti se rent ko wasoolta hai. Yeh rent, uss ghar yaa dukaan ko istemaal karne ke right lene ke badley ek kirayedaar ko makaan maalik/dukaan maalik, ko dena padhta hai. Thik aisey he jab koi vyakti jab apney paison ko dusrey vyakti ko deta hai toh woh uss vyakti se paison ka istemaal karne ke right leta hai aur uske badley, uss loan lene waley vyakti ko byaj deta hai. Yeh byaj, loan dene waley vyakti ki aamdani hoti hai.
Finance ki bhasha mein, loan dene waley vyakti ko dendaar, keh kar bulaya jata hai, wahin loan lene wale ko lendaar, keh kar bulatey hain. Dendaar ko angreji mein Creditor bhi kehtey hain, wahin doosri taraf, lendaar ko Debtor keh kar bulatey hain.

Kisi bhi loan mein teen pramukh ang hotey hain:-

1. Principal: Principal se tatparya hai Loan ka actual amount jisey borrow kiya gaya hai. Ise mool dhan bhi kahtey hain. Ek lendaar ko, loan ka mool dhan pura wapis karney ki jimmedari hoti hai.
2. Interest: Interest se matlab hai byaj, jo ki loan par chukana hota hai. Yeh percentage mein measure hota hai. Loan ko istemaal karne ke badley mein lendaar ko mool dhan ke saath mein byaj bhi chukana hota hai.
3. Duration: Duration se matlab hai Samay. Samay se hum yeh samaj saktey hain ki kitna time period ke liye loan lendaar ko diya gaya hai. Time period ke khatam honay ke saath pura loan chukana dena hota hai. Duration ko Maturity Period bhi keh sakte hain.

Loan Ka Nature Kya Hota Hai?

Doston, loan dena ek tarikey se kisi doosrey vyakti ko paise ka istemaal karne ka right dena hota hai. Iss right ko dene ke badley, loan dene wala vyakti, byaj leta hai. Byaj, jisey angreji mein, interest, bhi kehtey hain, ek loan dene waley vyakti ki aamdani hoti hai. Thik usi prakaar se, jaisey ki ek makaan malik apne ghar ko kiraye par dekar kiraye ki aamdani prapt karta hai.

Doston, accountancy ki bhasha mein loan ek tarikey sey asset hota hai, lone denewale ka, kyunki yeh loan uss vyakti ko aamdani pradaan karta hai. Wahi doosri taraf, jo vyakti loan leta hai, uss vyakti ke liye loan ek liablility hoti hai, kyunki loan ki rashi ko usey chukana hota hai.

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Kisi bhi loan ko mainly doo bhaagon mein bata jata hai:-

1. Secured Loans: Secured Loan se matlab hai, woh loan jo kisi security ke against mein diye jatey hain. Yeh loan dendaar ki drishti sey kafi safe hotey hain, kyunki agar kisi wajah se loan lene wala vyakti loan ko repay karne mein asamarth ho jata hai, tab us condition mein Security jiske against loan diye gaya hai, loan dene waley ke kabjey mein aa jati hai, Security ko dendaar market mein sale karkey apne loan ko wasool kar sakta hai. Yahan Security se matlab hai Makaan ki ownership ke documents, Shares ki ownership, FDs , etc., jinkey basis par loan issue hua tha.
2. Unsecured Loans: Unsecured loans woh loan hotey hain jo bina security ke issue kiye jatey hain. Ye loan, dendaar (loan dene waley ke liye), unsafe hotey hain kyunki lendaar ke loan na pay karne padh, loan dene waley ko kafi nuksaan ka saamna karna padh sakta hai.

Loan (लोन) Kitne Prakar Ke Hote Hai? Different Types Of Loans.

Aaamtaur par dekha jaye toh logo ki alag-2 jaruraton ko pura karne ke liye alag-2 tarikey ke loan diye jatey hain. Hamarey desh mein mukhya taur jo loan log lena pasand kartey hain, woh iss prakaar hain:-

1. Personal Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Personal loan weh loan hota hai jo vyakti ke niji kaamon ko pura karne ke liye bank ya financial institutions ke dwara diya jata hai. Yeh loan bina kisi security ke mil jata hai, isliye yeh unsecured loan ki category mein aata hai. Personal loan ki sabse badi khasiyat yeh hai ki iss loan ka istemaal kisi bhi purpose ke liye kiya ja sakta hai. Personal loan banks se aasani se mil sakta hai. Vibhinn prakaar ki jaruratey jaisey education of children, marriage, purchase of any article, decoration of home, travelling etc ke liye yeh loan liya jata hai.
2. Home Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Doston, jaisa ki iss loan ka naam se he pata chal raha hai. Home loan weh loan hota hai, jo vyakti dwara tab liya jata hai jab woh koi ghar kharidna, ya ghar banana, ya ghar ke liye jameen lena, ya phir ghar ko reconstruct karana,etc karna chahta hon. Yeh loan banks ya financial institution dwara kisi vyakti ko diya jata hai. Iss loan mein interest rate kafi kam hota hai. Yeh loan banks dwara Ghar ki security ya anye koi security ke against diya jata hai. Iss tarah se yeh loan secured loan hota hai. Iss loan mein byaj ki darr bhi personal loan ke muqabley bahut kam hoti hai, Iss loan ka tenure or duration bhi bahut jyada hota hai aur aamtaur par 20-30 Years tak ho sakta hai.
3. Car Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Har vyakti ka sapna hota hai ki uske pass apni gaadi ho. Isi sapney ko sakaar karne ke liye, Car loan ki jarurat padhti hai. Car loan lene se vyakti asani se apni khud ki car ko kharid sakta hai. Loan ka payment monthly instalment par hota hai. Loan ka tenure aamtaur par 05-07 Years tak ho sakta hai. Yeh loan secured loan ki category mein aata hai, kyunki car loan ka payment nahi karne ki condition mein bank Car ko apne kabje mein karke loan amount ko recover kar sakta hai.
4. Education Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Badaltey waqt ke saath education bhi bahut costly ho gayi hai. Dekha jaye toh kuch courses karne ke liye lakhon rupay ki jarurat padh jati hai, jaise Doctor, Engineer, etc. aisey mein achi education ko prapt karne ke liye, education loan ki jarurat padhti hai. Yeh loan bank dwara education fees ka payment karne ke liye diya jata hai. Iss loan ka main purpose education expenses of bear karna hota hai, jisse bachon ki higher education mein paison ko lekar badha naa aye.
5. Credit Card Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Kabhi-2 hamey paison ki achanak se jarurat padh jati hai. Bank se personal loan lene mein bhi kafi samay lag sakta hai. Aisey samay mein, agar koi instant loan paney ka option rehta hai, toh woh hai Credit Card loan. Credit card loan apko instant credit available kara deta hai, jisse aap apni immediate financial problems ko asani se solve kar sakte hain. Credit card banks dwara apne customers ko issue kiya jata hai. Har credit card par ek limit hoti hai. Credit card holder apni isi limit tak ka credit utilized kar sakta hai.
6. Gold Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Doston, jaisa ki naam bata rahi hai. Yeh woh loan hota hai jo ki gold or jewellery ko kharidane ke liye bank se liya jata hai. Jewellery ko aam taur par shadi vivah ke avsaro, family function, etc par wear karna pasand kiya jata hain. Aisey maukon par log gold jewellery ka bharpur istemaal kartey hain, Isi baat ko considered karte hue log gold loan lete hain. Gold loan secured loan ki category mein shaamil hota hai. Loan payment nahi karne ki condition mein Gold par bank apna kabja kar sakta hai.
7. Term Loan Kya Hota Hai?: Term loan weh loan hota hai jo mukhya taur par business purpose ke liye person leta hai aur iss loan ko ek specified period mein wapis karna hota hai. Yeh teen categories mein business ko diye jatey hain, Long term loan, medium term loan and short term loan.

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Loan Kaise Milta Hai? Loan Kaise Le Sakte Hai? (लोन कैसे ले सकते हैं?)

Koi bhi bank ya financial institution loan dene se pehle kuch factors ko dhyan mein rakh kar chalta hai, jisse loan dene par nuksaan ka saamna naa karna pade. Yeh factors iss prakaar se hai:-

1. CIBIL Score / Credit Score: Jab bhi koi vyakti bank se loan ke liye aavedan karta hai toh bank uska Credit Score or, jisey CIBIL Score bhi kehtey hain, dekhta hai. Credit score, kisi bhi person ki credit se related saari information ko bank ko pahucha deta hai jaisey ek vyakti par kitna loan chal raha hai, kitney loan liye huey hai, kitne credit card chal rahey hain, kitney loan paid kar diye hai, kitni instalment default chal rahi hain, etc. aur saath mein uss vyakti ka credit score bhi show karta hai. In sabhi information ke basis par bank kitna loan diya jai yaa nahi diya jai, etc. decisions le pata hai.
2. Documents Required For Loan: Loan lene ke liye kuch documents ki jarurat padhti hai.

Loan lene ke liye jis-jis documents ki jarurat padti hai uska pura list neeche diya gaya hai:-

• Application Form: Loan prapt karne ke liye bank dwara jari ek application form ko bharna hota hai. Yeh application form par loan lene waley vyakti se judi hui jankari jaisey naam, address, telephone no, photo, etc. maujood rehta hai.
• Identity Proof and Address Proof: Loan lene wala vyakti apna koi bhi ID proof aur address proof bank ko deta hai jaise ki Aadhar Card, Passport, Driving license, Voter ID card, etc.
• Bank Statement: Loan lene wala vyakti ko apne last 6 months ke bank statement ki information bhi bank ko deni hoti hai.
• Salary Slip: Agar loan lene wala vyakti naukri karta hai toh generally three months ki latest salary slip bhi bank maang leta hai.
• Form 16 and ITR: Salary wala vyakti loan lene ke liye bank ko Form 16 apne employer se lekar dena hota hai. Form 16 “Salary” sey related proof hota hai, jo ki income tax ki requirement ko fulfil karne ke liye employee ko diya jata hai. Non salary vyakti, apne income tax return ki copy bank ko deta hai. Generally, two-three years ka ITR bank maangta hai.

In sab documents ko prapt karne ke baad, bank documents ko analyse karta hai aur loan limit tai karta hai. Bank dwara jo loan dene ki limit nikal kar aati hai, utna loan sanction ho jata hai aur lendaar ko mil jata hai. Sanction letter bank dwara loan lene waley vyakti ko diya jata hai, iss letter mein saari conditions loan se judi hui maujood hoti hain jaise kitni duration ka loan hai, loan instalment kitni hai, kitne ki hai, interest rate kya hai, etc.

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Loan Lene Ke Fyade? लोन लेने के फायदे

Loan lene ke pramukh fyadey iss prakaar hain:-

1. Financial Flexibility: Loans apko financial flexibility provide karta hai. Yeh apko jarurat ke samay mein financial madad provide karta hai aur financial freedom bhi deta hai. Loan apki financial planning ka ek important hissa hota hai.
2. Convenient Tenure: Loans lene wala vyakti apni jarurat ko dhyan mein rakhte hue loan tenure chun leta hai. Jyadatar loan ka tenure 12 months se lekar 60 months tak ka hota hai. Par home loan ke case mein loan tenure kafi lamba rehta hai aur 5 Yrs. to 20 Yrs. tak ka ho sakta hai.
3. Tax Benefits: Income Tax Act of 1961 ke anusaar agar koi vyakti home loan leta hai toh woh apni tax planning bahut ache se manage kar sakta hai. Home loan tax saving ke lihaj se ek behatareen option hota hai. Home loan par milne waley byaj par tax deduction milta hai. Wahin principal payment of home loan par bhi 80C mein tax deduction milta hai. Iss prakaar se kafi tax save ho jata hai.

Loan Lene Ke Nuksaan? लोन लेने के नुकसान

Loan ek taraf apki saari financial problem ko solve kar deta hai aur apko financial freedom provide karta hai, Loan ki madad se aap apni financial planning ache se kar lete hai aur apne upar financial burden ko kam kar dete hai but loan lene mein kuch dikkaton ka saamna bhi karna padh sakta hai. Ek pramukh dikkat loan lene main yeh hoti hai ki loan ek fixed obligation hota hai. Iska matlab hai, agar kisi kaaran aap income nahi pay kar patey hain jaise ki koi bimari ho janey padh, yaa vyapar mein ghata ho janey padh, ya naukri chali janey padh, etc. to bhi loan ka payment apko karna he padega, aap issey bach kar nahi bhag sakte hain. Agar aap loan nahi chukka patey hain toh iska asar apke Cibil or, Credit Score par padhne lagega.

In sab ke karan, apko financial problems ka saamna karna padh sakta hai. Kabhi-2 toh secured loan ke case mein Security jaise makaan, car, dukaan, etc par bank apna kabja kar lete hain agar loan dharak loan ko payment mein bhaut jyada default kar deta hai.

Loan Lena Chaiye Ya Nahi? लोन लेना चाहिए या नहीं?

Loan apko kafi sari benefits deta hai aur financial independence provide karta hai jisse aap apni life ko sakoon se jeetey hain parantu loan lene ke baad apko samay par apni loan EMIs ko pay karna jaruri hota hai varna apko penalty, heavy charges, legal issues etc. ka saamna bhi karna padh sakta hai. Toh loan lete samay yeh bahut he jaruri hai ki aap apni financial capacity ko dhyan mein rakh kar he loan lein anaytha loan lena apko ek ghatey ka sauda bhi ho sakta hai.

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Ab mujhe aasha hai ki aapko detail me pata chal gaya hoga ki loan kya hota hai? loan kitne prakar ke hote hai? loan kaise milta hai aur loan lene ke liye kya kya documents ki jarurat padti hai, loan ko lene ke fayde aur nuksaan.