Hello dosto, kya aap mutual funds ke baare me janne ke liye utsahit hai? Is post ko padhkar aapko mutual fund kya hai? mutual fund me nivesh kyon karna chahiye? म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड kitne prakar ke hote hai? mutual funds ke fayade aur nuksaan, mutual fund me invest kaise kare? In sabhi sawalo ke jawab abhi is post ko padhkar mil sakta hai.

Investment Kyon Karna Chahiye? इन्वेस्टमेंट क्यों करना चाहिए?

Har mahiney jab apki salary bank me aati hai, to iss salary ka kuch hissa aap log savings bank account mein rakh lete hain, ho sakta hai aap emergency ke liye rakhte hon, ya apko ghar kharidna ho, ya phir gaadi kharidni ho, uske liye saving karte he honge aap. Toh savings karne kafi tarike ho sakte hain, sabse normal tarika hai ki apke bank accounts mein paise ko rakhein, aur apne un paisaon ko bank mein pade rahene diya jaye aur wahi par woh collect hotey rahey aur un paison par interest apko milta rahey, par apko yeh jaankar dukh hoga ki yeh investment ka bahut he bekaar idea hai kyunki pade hue paise apni value loose karte rahtey hain, iska pramukh kaaran hota hai. Inflation (मुद्रास्फीति).

Inflation ke prabhav se money ki value har saal kam honay lag jati hai. Isliye rakhey hue paise apni value loose na karey isi ko dhyan mein rakhte hue in paison ko log invest kara jata hai. Investment karne ke kai tarike hain. Pramukh taur par dekha jaye to hamarey desh mein paanch parkaar ke investment ko pasand kiya jata hai, isme sabse pehle aata hai, Savings Bank Accounts, phir Fixed deposit (फिक्स्ड डिपाजिट) (FDs) ka number aata hai, teesre number par Gold ya Jewellery par investment karna log pasand kartey hain aur fourth number par Real estate aata hai, jisme log jameen ya ghar, par paison ka investment karna pasand karte hain. Agar jo log jaida risk uthana chahtey hain woh stock market mein invest karna pasand karte hain.

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Doston, Kisi bhi investment (निवेश) mein three things bahut he dhyan dene wali hoti hain, who iss prakaar hain:- Return (मुनाफ़ा), Risk (जोखिम) and Time (समय). Yahan Return ka matlab hain kitna percentage of profit aap kama rahey ho investment karke. Return ko percentage mein measure kiya jata hai. Iske baad aata hai, Risk factor, Risk ka matlab hai kitna risky hai ek investment ko karna, kya chances hai ki aap apne saare paison se haath dho baithoge investment karke, ya heavy loss ka saamna karna padega investment karke, isi ko risk kehte hain. Time se matlab hai ki kitne samay ke liye aap apne paiso ka invest karna chahtey ho return prapt karne ke liye. Investment ki duniya mein ek basic rule hai, ki agar aapne paison ko jyada samay ke liye invest karke rakha hai, aur risk bhi jyada hai, to return bhi apko jyada milega.

Paise Invest Karne Ke Golden Rules Kya Hai?

Ab maan kar chalte hain ki apne investment karne ka nirnay le hi liya hai toh yahan par ek golden rule hai ki “kabhi bhi kisi ek jagah par apni sari investment nahi karni chahiye”. Iska kaaran hai ki agar aap apna sara investment ek he jagah kar denge toh apko bahut jyada loss uthana padh sakta hai. Isliye apko apne paison ko alag-alag jagah par invest karke rakhna chahiye. Isse hoga kya ki agar kisi ek jagah par apko nuksaan ho raha hai to kisi dusri jagah par invest karne par fyada ho raha hoga, isse aap apne risk ko manage karne mein kamyaab ho jayege aur saath mein return bhi prapt kar sakenge. Yeh isliye hai kynki aisa aamtaur par bahut muskil hota hai ki sabhi investment mein ek saath giravat ho jaye. Iss tarikey ko follow karke aap overall loss ko bacha saktey hain. Finance ki bhasha mein isi ko “Diversification” ke naam se bhi jana jaata hai. “Diversification” matlab alag-2 jagah par apne paison ka investment karna, jisse investment risk reduce ho sakey.

Mutual Fund Kya Hai In Hindi ? म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड क्या है?

Mutual Fund investment karne ka weh madhyam hota hai jiske dwara aap diversify investment kar saktey hain. Diversification ki wajah se mutual fund mein munafa paney ke chances jyada rehta hain aur risk bhi kam hota hai.
Mutual fund ko manage karne ka kaam ek unit karti hai, jisey Asset Management Company, ke naam se jana jata hai. Iska kaam investors ke paison ko collect karna aur alag-2 jagah par invest karna hota hai. Investors ko jyada se jyada fyada pahuchane ke liye, Asset Management Company experts hire karti hai aur expert ki advice ke anusaar alag-2 jagah investment karti hai, jisse jyada se jyade benefit investors ko pahuchaya ja sakey.

Mutual fund mein invest karne se pehle kuch baton ka apko dhyan rakha hai, isme sabse pehle aati hai, how much risk present in a particular mutual fund in comparison to other mutual fund and dusri baat aati hai, expense ratio kitna hain? Expense ratio ka matlab hai ki kitna percentage of return ek mutual fund company apne pass retain kar legi. Isliye jitna jyada yeh expense ratio hota hai, utna he investors ko loss hota hai, kyunki utna he kam return investor ke haathon mein aagyega.

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Types Of Mutual Funds In Hindi. म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड के प्रकार

Mutual Fund mainly don bhagon mein vibhajit karke rakha jaa sakta hai: 1) Asset ke aadhar par, 2) Investment ke aadhar par. Aaiye aaj inn sabhi ke baarey mein janney ki koshish karte hain:-

1. Asset Ke Aadhar Par Type Of Mutual Funds

Investment ka yahan matlab hai ki mutual fund return prapth karne ke liye apne paison ko kahan invest karna chahtey hain. Ek mutual fund company investors ke paison ko stock market mein invest kar sakti hai, debt instrument mein invest kar sakti hai, ya dono mein he invest kar sakti hai. Iss tarah se dekha jaye toh Investment ke aadhar par mutual funds teen prakaar ke hotey hain: Equity based, Debt based and Hybrid based mutual funds. Toh aaiye samajhtey hain one by one inn sabhi mutual fund ke barey mein:

1.1 Equity Based Mutual Fund Kya Hai ? इक्विटी म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड क्या है?

Doston, Equity based mutual fund woh mutual fund hotey hain jahan apke paison ko Asset Management Company, stock market mein invest karti hai. Stock market mein invest karne ke kaaran yahan risk jyada hota hai parantu return ke chances bhi high rehte hain.

Equity based mutual funds vibhinn prakaar ke ho saktey hain, kuch main funds iss tarah hain:

• Large Cap Equity Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (लार्ज कैप इक्विटी म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Agar paison ka investment kisi large size company ke stock ko purchase karne mein ki ya jata hai toh usey, Large Cap Equity Fund ke naam se bulaya jata hai. Yahan size ka matlab “Market Capitalization” se hai. Large Cap companies badi aur well established companies hoti hain.
• Mid Cap Equity Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (मिड कैप इक्विटी म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Agar paison ka investment kisi Mid-size company ke stock ko purchase karne mein ki ya jata hai toh usey, Mid Cap Equity Fund ke naam se bulatey hain.
• Small Cap Equity Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (स्माल कैप इक्विटी म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Agar paison ka investment kisi small size company ke stock ko purchase karne mein kiya jata hai toh usey, Small Cap Equity Fund kehtey hai. Small cap companies development ki starting stage mein hoti hain.
• Diversified Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (डाइवर्सिफाइड म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): who mutual fund hotey hain, jisme har prakaar ki company chahey woh small cap ho, medium cap ho ya phir large cap ho, alag-2 sector ki company ho, mein investment karte hain. Yahan fund ko alag-2 size ki companies mein invest karne ka purpose stable risk aur return prapt karna hota hai.
• Equity Linked Saving Schemes (टैक्स सेविंग म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Yeh special type key mutual fund hota hain jismey invest karke aap tax bhi bacha saktey hain. Investors ko income tax ki section 80C mein 1.50 lakhs tak ka tax benefit milta hai. ELSS mein jo investment hota hai woh 3 saal ke liye lock ho jata hai.
• Sector Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (सेक्टर म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Toh jaisa ki naam bata raha hai, yeh woh mutual fund hotey hain jo kisi particular sector mein invest karte hain. Yahan sector ka matlab hai oil sector, agriculture sector, etc hai. Kisi particular sector mein maujood companies mein investment karne ki wajah se yeh fund risky hotey hain, kyunki agar koi particular sector gir raha hota hai, toh share value bhi girney lagti hai aur return bhi gir jata hai. Reliance Media and Entertainment fund iska ek example hai. Yeh ek sector fund hai joh ki media and entertainment ke sector ki companies mein he paison ko invest karta hai. Isi tarah, SBI Pharma fund, sirf pharma sector ki companies mein he nivesh karte hain.
• Thematic Mutual Funds (थीमेटिक म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Thematic mutual fund woh fund hotey hain jo themes mein paison ko invest kartey hain. Jaisey, India Rural Theme, E-commerce theme, etc. Iska pramukh example hai, HDFC Housing Opportunities Fund, ek thematic fund hai jiski theme hai “Housing”. Yeh fund housing se judey hue stock mein invest karta hai like Construction companies, Cement manufacturing companies, Paint companies, etc.
• Index Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (इंडेक्स म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Index fund ki sabse badi khasiyat yeh hoti hai ki yeh automatically managed hotey hain, yani ki iss fund ko manage karne ke liye Asset Management Company ki need nahi hoti hai. Yeh fund passively manage hotey hain aur market ke ups-down ke hisab se inki value mein badlav hota rehta hai.

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1.2 Debt Mutual Fund Kya Hote Hai? डेब्ट म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड क्या है?

Debt Mutual Funds woh mutual fund hotey hain jahan debt instruments mein invest kiya jata hai. Yahan debt instruments ka matlab hai, Bonds instruments, Certificate of Deposit, Debentures, etc. In funds ki sabse badi khasiyat yahi hai ki yahan par risk aur return dono he low rehtey hain. Yeh four types ke basically hotey hain: Gilt Fund, Junk Bond Schemes, Fixed Maturity Plans, Liquid Schemes.

Toh chaliye inn sabhi funds ke baarey mein jaantey hain:-

• Gilt Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (गिल्ट म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड): Jab mutual fund sirf Government Securities mein invest karte hain toh unhe Gilt Fund kehtey hain. Government Securities weh securities hoti hain jinhe Government dwara issue kiya jata hai, isi wajah se inn securities mein default risk bhi NIL hota hai. Yeh fund Short term aur long term both type ke hotey hain.
• Junk Bond Schemes (जंक बांड स्कीम): Jo mutual fund Junk bond mein invest kartey hain, unhe Junk Bond kaha jata hai. In bond mein, Default risk bahut jyada hota hai, par interest bhi bahut jyada milta hai.
• Fixed Maturity Plans (फिक्स्ड मचुरिटी प्लान्स): Yahan un bonds mein fund ko lagaya jata hai, jinki fixed maturity hoti hai. Iske undar, Certificate of Deposit, Commercial Papers, Corporate Bonds,etc. aatey hain. Fixed Maturity Plans ke returns bank FDs ke muqabley behtar hotey hain aur default risk bhi almost NIL hota hai.
• Liquid Mutual Fund Kya Hai? (लिक्विड फण्ड): Yeh woh mutual fund hotey hain jo money market ke instruments mein invest karta hai. Money market mein woh instruments aa gye, jinke jariye company short term mein investors sey paisey borrow karke apni financial need ko pura karti hai.

1.3 Hybrid Mutual Fund Kya Hai? हाइब्रिड म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड क्या है ?

Toh doston jaisa ki naam se pata chal raha hai, hybrid mutual fund woh fund hotey hain joh ki debt aur equity dono mein investment karte hain. Iss tarike sey in fund mein investment karne par risk aur return dono he stable rehtey hain. Yeh fund un investors ko dhyan mein rakh kar banaya jata hai, joh bahut jyada risk lena nahi chahte aur equity fund mein investment karne se bachtey hain, toh aisey investors ko stable return aur low risk provide karne ke liye, kuch paison ko equity mein invest kiya jata hai, jisse ki jyada return mil paye aur kuch paison ko debt instruments mein invest kar diya jata hai, jisse stable return milta rahey aur risk negligible rahey. Iss tarike se yeh fund hybrid nature ke hotey hain kyunki isme equity aur debt dono mein he investment kiya jata hai.

Agar jyada paison ka investment debt fund mein kiya jata hai toh ise Balanced Saving Mutual Funds ke naam se jana jata hai. Yahan ratio of investment rehti hai 70:30 ki, matlab 70% investment Debt instruments mein hota hai aur 30% equity instruments mein kiya jata hai. Aur agar isko ulta kar deta hain, matlab 70% investment equity instruments mein kiya jata hai aur 30% investment debt instruments mein hota hai toh isey kehtey hain, Balance Advantage Fund (Hybrid Aggressive) Mutual Funds.

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2. Investment Ke Aadhar Par Mutual Fund Kitne Prakaar Ke Hote Hai? 

Investment ke aadhar par mutual fund do prakaar ke hotey hain:-

• Open Ended Fund: Open Ended Funds woh mutual fund hotey hain jisme investors ko flexibility ka benefit rehta hai. Iss fund mein investors, mutual fund units ko kabhi bhi buy or sale kar saktey hain.
• Closed Ended Fund: Closed Ended Fund mein investor tabhi invest kar sakta hai jab new fund offer aata hai. After purchasing the units from this fund, investor can sale the units of such fund till maturity of the Fund. Closed Ended Funds are listed on stock exchange. Toh agar investor, maturity se pehle apne units of bechna chahta hai toh wah stock exchange par units ko bech sakta hai.

3. Management Ke Aadhar Par Mutual Funds Kitne Prakaar Ke Hote Hai?

Management ke aadhar par mutual funds do prakaar ke hotey hain:-

• Actively Managed Funds: Yeh woh mutual funds hotey hain jinme fund manager investment related decisions mein actively involve rehtey hain aur funds ko sahi jagah par invest karne mein important role play karte hain.
• Passively Managed Funds: Yeh woh mutual fund hotey hain jisme fund manager investment related decisions mein actively shamil nahi hotely hain.

Mutual Fund Me Invest Kaise Kare? म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड में इन्वेस्ट कैसे करे?

Mutual fund mein invest karne se pehle hamey kuch baton ka dhyan rakhna padhta hai. Agar hum mutual fund mein achi return chahtey hain toh ye baatein kafi madadgar saabit hongi:

1. Lakshya: Jab hum investment karne ki planning karte hain toh hum sab kuch goal nirdharit karke chalte hain. Goal matlab hum investment karke kya fyada lena chahte hain. Goal may any things jo apko motivate karti hai investment karne ke liye, jaise naya makaan kharidna agle kuch saalo mein, baccho ki padhai, bacchon ki shadi, etc.
2. Samay aur risk: Goal nirdharit karne ke baad humey samay aur risk factor ko dhyan rakhna hoga. Samay ka yahan matlab hai hum kitney time tak investment karna chahtey hain. Risk se matlab hai hum kitna risk bear karna chahtey hain. Investment ka ek rule hai, “ Jitna risk hoga, utna he return hoga”. Toh risk factor ko ignore nahi kar sakte.
3. Expense Ratio: Expense ratio se matlab hai kitna percentage of return earned by mutual fund investors ko nahi diya jayega aur yeh mutual fund company apne pass retain kar ke rakhegi. Jitna jyada expense ration hoga utna he kam return ka labh investor ko milega. Expense ratio isi wajah se important factor hai jisko ignore nahi kiya ja sakta hai.
4. Expertise of Fund Manager: Mutual funds are managed by expert known as Fund Manager. Ek fund manager ka role bahut he crucial hota hai. Experienced fund manager sahi jahag par apka fund invest karke high growth ke chances ko bada deta hai, wahi inexperienced fund manager ke honey padh kabhi-2 nuksaan ke chances bhi ban jatey hain.

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Mutual Funds Me Investment Karne Ke Benefits. म्यूचुअल फंड्स के फायदे

1. Diversification: Mutual Funds mein invest karne par sabse bada advantage hota hai ki yahan diversification ka benefit mil jata hai. Diversification ke kaaran risk stable rehta hai aur return ke chances high rehtey hain. Isi wajah se Saving bank, Fixed Deposit, shares etc ke muqabley, mutual fund mein paison ko invest karna ek fayade ka sauda hoga.
2. Affordable: Mutual Funds ka doosra sabse bada advantage hai ki, yeh affordable hotey hain matlab ki agar investors ke pass limited amount hain invest karne ke liye toh bhi wah mutual fund mein asani se invest kar sakta hai.
3. Fund Manager: Mutual Funds ko professional fund manager manage karta hai. Expert ki presence ke kaaran fund ko sahi tarike se utilized kiya jata hain, jisse investors ko jyada se jyada munafa pahuchaya ja sake. Experts apne experience ki madad se best tarikey se fund ko alag-2 jagah par invest karte hain,jisse mutual fund mein high return aati hai. Investors ko yahan iss baat ki tension nahi rehti ki uska fund kahin galat jagha par invest toh nahi kiya ja raha hai. Yeh mutual fund ka ek bada advantage hai.

Mutual Fund Me Invest Kyu Kare? म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड में निवेश क्यों करें?

Toh doston apne dekha ki mutual fund kis tarike se apke investment ko grow karne mein sahayak hotey hain. Kyunki yeh fund experts ke dwara managed hotey hain isliye apko iss baat ki tension nahi leni hoti ki apkey fund ko kahan invest Karna hoga. Mutual fund aaj ke samay mein investment ka best option hain. Toh aaj he investment ki planning karna shru kar dein aur mutual fund mein upar di hui baton ko dhyan mein rakhte hue invest Karen.

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